Drinking Water Treatment :-

Water quality is of concern to everyone. Quality is the acceptability of the water for uses like drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundering.

Drinking water supplies may be contaminated by many sources. Hazardous household wastes, septic systems, lawn and garden chemicals, leaking fuel storage tanks, animal waste, agricultural chemicals, landfills, and leaching of metals from plumbing systems may contaminate water.

Contaminated water may have off-tastes, odors, or visible particles. However, some dangerous contaminants in water are not easy to detect. Accurate water testing is needed to determine safety and quality. Water testing also identifies the need for water treatment equipment.

When water is contaminated, it is best to eliminate the source of the contamination, if at all possible. If this cannot be done, then water may need to be treated.
Treatment can reduce common contaminates, such as sediment, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulfate, nitrates, arsenic, or lead. Water treatment can produce a clearer, safer, better tasteful, and better odorous water, better suited for household use. Some typical water quality problems and recommended treatment systems are listed here. There are eight general types of treatment systems available for household use. These includes
  Carbon Filters, Neutralizers,  
  Fiber Filters, Chemical-feed pumps,  
  Reverse Osmosis Units, Disinfection and  
  Distillation, Softeners.  
       
These systems range in cost from a few dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on the type of system and the type of contaminants.

Some systems treat all the water in the house, while others primarily improve safety and quality of drinking water. Before buying water-treatment equipment, have you tested your water supply by a recognized, certified water-testing lab. You need to identify the type and level of contaminants if you are to get the right system.

Carbon filters remove most of the organic compounds that cause taste and odor problems. A filter's effectiveness depends on the amount of carbon in the unit and how long the water stays in the unit. The longer the water is in contact with the filter medium, the more of the impurities are removed. Some carbon filters harbor bacteria. Flushing fresh water through the filter for at least 30 seconds may remove bacteria.

 
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